Flannel:Flannel is a material most people are likely familiar with from flannel shirts, but it is also a material used for bedding. Traditionally only made with wool, flannel is now made with a variety of materials. Cotton and polyester are the most common.
They are typically made from elastomers such as rubber or silicone and consist of an outer metal case with a sealing lip on the inner side.
The garter spring is located at the end of the primary sealing lip and used to apply pressure to the sealing lip against the shaft. Common garter spring material types are:
Synthetic Rubber Oil Seals - Styrene Butadiene Rubber oil seals, or just SBR oil seals, offer strong resistance to abrasions and lesions, making them an ideal seal for fast-moving machinery. With the ability to withstand extreme temperatures with its heat-aging qualities, they can be used in outdoor components. They are also seen as more cost-effective oil seals than natural rubber.
Spark plug wires, also known as ignition wires or high-tension leads, are crucial components in the ignition system of internal combustion engines. These wires are responsible for transmitting the high-voltage electrical current from the ignition coil to the spark plugs, initiating the combustion process within the engine cylinders. High-quality spark plug wires are essential for ensuring efficient ignition, optimal engine performance, and reduced emissions, making them a critical component in the overall efficiency and environmental impact of the vehicle.
In this kind of seal, wider tolerances are possible between the OD of the seal and the seal housing. Irregularities of the housing surface can be taken up by the resilient rubber layer on the outside of the seal. However, the rubber covered seal can be blown out under high pressure in a reciprocating application whereas, with a metal case, there is no such danger.
Rubber type
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR, nitrile)
On most cars you need not remove the engine to get at the sump . But often you have to raise it slightly and wedge it on its mountings so that the sump moves clear of the front- suspension cross member.
With spring Rubber O.D. wall Metal O.D. wall
ERIKS type R (type A according to the DIN standard) is identical in shape to type M, but has a rubber outer case with metal reinforcement on the inside. The rubber creates a good seal in the housing, even if the housing has suffered minor damage or is not in its best condition for other reasons. The RST version has a dust lip. These types are often chosen to replace a type with a metal outer case because they are easier to install and can cope with minor damage to the groove, such as scratches.
Leather is probably the oldest of the lip materials still in common use, but the move towards mass production methods has seen a massive increase in the development of synthetic rubbers which lend themselves to accurate and repeatable injection and compression moulding. Nitrile (NBR) is still by far the most common elastomer for “normal” use, whilst Viton® (FKM/FPM) is rapidly replacing Polyacrylate (ACM) and Silicone (VMQ) for high-temperature applications. Viton® also has high resistance to abrasion and chemical attack making it a preferred elastomer. Recent developments in the use of PTFE for Rotary shaft seals has caused widespread interest particularly for high-speed shaft rotation or poor lubrication applications.
Fluorine rubber (FKM, Viton™)
• More compact thanks to the thin plate (uses a high-strength steel plate)